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ALSO KNOWN AS THE SUN STONE
AND CALLED TONALMACHIOTL
IN NAHUATL.
TONALMACHIOTL, FROM TONALI-ENERGY
AND MACHIOTL-MODEL
OR MOLD, IS A MASSIVE SCULPTURE THAT COMBINES MANY ANCIENT ASTRONMICAL
CALENDARS INTO ONE BEAUTIFUL WORK OF
SCIENCE AND ART.
THE MOST COMMON INTERPRETATION
HOLDS THAT AT THE CENTER RESIDES TONATIUH,
THE SUN. DUE THE STRIKING
RESEMBLANCE TO A STONE GLYPH OF TONACATECUHTLI, OTHERS
BELIEVE THAT DEPICTED IN THE CENTER IS THE
MALE REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH. IN ANY CASE, SURROUNDING
THE CENTRAL FACE IS THE NAUI OLIN
SYMBOL. WITHIN EACH CORNER IS ONE OF THE FOUR PREVIOUS
WORLDS OF THE AZTECA/MEXIKA CREATION
STORY. THE TONALMACHIOTL ITSELF
REPRESENTS THE CYCLE OF THE FIFTH SUN.
THE FIRST CIRCLE IS THE 20 SYMBOLS
OF THE TONALPOUALLI,
OR SACRED 260
DAY "RITUAL" CALENDAR. TONALPOUALLI IS DERIVED FROM
TONALI-ENERGY
AND POUALI-COUNT
AND TRANSLATES AS "THE COUNT OF THE ENERGY OF THE DAYS."
THE TONALPOUALLI APPROXIMATES THE GESTATION PERIOD OF A HUMAN CHILD
AND IS AN ASTROLOGICAL
CALENDAR THAT WAS USED TO NAME NEWBORN CHILDREN.
THE TONALMACHIOTL ALSO CONTAINS
THE CYCLES OF THE MOON
AND THE PLANET VENUS.
EACH HALF OF THE
OUTERMOST RING REPRESENTS THE SACRED 52
YEAR CENTURY AND TOGETHER FORM A 104
YEAR LONG COUNT. THE TWO XIUHKOATL,
OR FIRE SERPENTS, AT THE BOTTOM WEAR THE FACES OF KETZALKOATL
AND TEZCATLIPOKA
AND SYMBOLIZE OMETEOTL.
THE SEVEN STARS ON THE HORNS OF THE SERPENTS REPRESENT THE PLEIADES
CONSTELLATION. AT THE TOP OF THE CALENDAR IS THE DATE 13
AKATL, OR 13 REED, THE DATE WHEN THE
CALENDAR WAS COMPLETED
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